The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks - A USF Faculty Discussion (Mungkin 2024)
Henrietta Lacks, née Loretta Pleasant, (lahir 1 Agustus 1920, Roanoke, Virginia, AS — meninggal 4 Oktober 1951, Baltimore, Maryland), wanita Amerika yang sel kanker serviksnya adalah sumber garis sel HeLa, penelitian yang memberikan kontribusi banyak kemajuan ilmiah penting.
Ulangan
Wajah Amerika Terkenal: Fakta atau Fiksi?
Clarence Darrow adalah jaksa penuntut abad ke-19 yang terkenal.
Setelah ibunya meninggal saat melahirkan pada tahun 1924, ayahnya pindah dengan 10 anaknya ke Clover, Virginia, di mana ia membagi mereka di antara kerabat yang akan dibesarkan. Henrietta dibesarkan oleh kakeknya, yang juga merawat cucu lainnya, sepupu Henrietta, David, yang dikenal sebagai Day. Henrietta dan Day menikah pada 10 April 1941. Didorong oleh sepupu, Day segera pindah ke utara ke Maryland untuk bekerja di pabrik baja Sparrows Point di Betlehem Steel, yang booming dengan permintaan yang dihasilkan oleh Perang Dunia II. Segera setelah itu Henrietta dan anak-anak pasangan itu bergabung dengan Day di Turner Station, Maryland, sebuah komunitas di luar Baltimore di mana banyak pekerja baja Afrika-Amerika tinggal.
Sebelum kehamilan kelima, Henrietta merasakan "simpul" di dalam dirinya, dan perdarahan yang mengkhawatirkan dan bukti adanya benjolan di leher rahimnya beberapa bulan setelah melahirkan akhirnya mengirim Henrietta ke dokternya. Dia dirujuk ke departemen ginekologi di Rumah Sakit Johns Hopkins di Baltimore, di mana pada Februari 1951 biopsi menunjukkan adanya tumor serviks yang tidak terdeteksi oleh dokter pada saat kelahiran putranya pada 19 September 1950, dan pada tindak lanjut -pemeriksaan enam minggu kemudian.
After further tests, Henrietta received the first of several radium treatments, the standard of care for the day, which involved stitching small glass tubes of the radioactive metal secured in fabric pouches—called Brack plaques—to the cervix. While performing the procedure, the surgeon extracted two small tissue samples: one from Henrietta’s tumour and one from healthy cervical tissue close by. The samples from Henrietta’s cervix were among many extracted for physician George Gey, the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, who was searching for an “immortal” cell line for use in cancer research. Unlike previous samples, Henrietta’s cancerous cells—called HeLa, from Henrietta Lacks—not only survived but also multiplied at an extraordinary rate. Henrietta herself was unaware that any sample had been taken; at that time it was not uncommon to study patients and their tissues without their knowledge or consent (see Tuskegee syphilis study).
While her cells thrived, Henrietta declined. By September the cancer had spread throughout her body, and early the following month Henrietta died. However, the HeLa cells, famed for their longevity,continued to thrive in culture long after Henrietta’s death. HeLa became a ubiquitous study material, contributing to the development of drugs for numerous ailments, including polio, Parkinson disease, and leukemia. In spite of this, until the 1970s Henrietta’s role was unknown even to her family. In the 21st century Henrietta’s case was an important component in the debate surrounding informed consent from patients for the extraction and use of cells in research. In 2013 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) granted the Lacks family control over how data on the HeLa cell genome would be used (the genome of a HeLa cell line had been sequenced in full earlier that year). Two members of the Lacks family formed part of the NIH’s HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which reviewed researchers’ applications for access to the HeLa sequence information.
