Porfirio Díaz presiden Meksiko

Porfirio Díaz, (lahir 15 September 1830, Oaxaca, Mex. — meninggal 2 Juli 1915, Paris, Prancis), tentara dan presiden Meksiko (1877–80, 1884–1911), yang mendirikan negara terpusat yang kuat yang ia diadakan di bawah kendali perusahaan selama lebih dari tiga dekade.

Pertanyaan Teratas

Untuk apa Porfirio Díaz dikenal?

Porfirio Díaz dikenal karena kepresidenannya yang telah berlangsung puluhan tahun dan negara terpusat yang kuat di Meksiko. Kebijakan elitis dan oligarkisnya disukai investor asing dan pemilik tanah kaya, yang berpuncak pada krisis ekonomi bagi negara. Dia digulingkan pada tahun 1911 selama Revolusi Meksiko.

Bagaimana Porfirio Díaz berkuasa?

Porfirio Díaz terpilih sebagai presiden Meksiko pada tahun 1877 setelah memimpin pemberontakan melawan Pres. Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada. Setelah berkuasa, ia mempertahankan kontrol dengan melayani kelompok-kelompok yang terpisah dan bermain satu bunga melawan yang lain. Di antara penerima manfaat dari rezimnya adalah mestizos, kelas-kelas Creole istimewa, dan Gereja Katolik Roma.

Kapan Porfirio Díaz berkuasa?

Porfirio Díaz adalah presiden Meksiko dari tahun 1877 hingga 1880 dan dari tahun 1884 hingga 1911. Dia tidak mencalonkan diri untuk dipilih kembali pada tahun 1880 tetapi memilih sendiri penggantinya, Manuel González. Tidak puas dengan González, Díaz mencalonkan diri lagi sebagai presiden pada tahun 1884. Dia menang dan tetap berkuasa sampai dia dipaksa keluar selama Revolusi Meksiko.

Bagaimana Porfirio Díaz digulingkan?

Francisco Madero, yang berusaha untuk melawan Porfirio Díaz dalam pemilihan 1910, memimpin pemberontakan yang menyalakan Revolusi Meksiko. Pada bulan Mei 1911, pasukan revolusioner merebut Ciudad Juarez dan memaksa Díaz menyerah dan melarikan diri ke pengasingan.

A mestizo (part Indian), Díaz was of humble origin. He began training for the priesthood at age 15, but upon the outbreak of war with the United States (1846–48) he joined the army. An illustrious military career followed, including service in the War of the Reform (1857–60) and the struggle against the French in 1861–67, when Maximilian became emperor. Earlier (1849) Díaz had studied law with the encouragement of the Liberal Benito Juárez, who first became president in 1858.

Díaz resigned his command and went back to Oaxaca when peace was restored but soon became dissatisfied with the Juárez administration. He led an unsuccessful protest against the 1871 reelection of Juárez, who died the following year. Díaz continued his protests in an unsuccessful revolt against Pres. Sebastían Lerdo de Tejada in 1876, after which he fled to the United States. Six months later, however, he returned and defeated the government forces at the Battle of Tecoac (November 1876), and in May 1877 he was formally elected president.

During his first four years in office, Díaz began a slow process of consolidation of power and built up a strong political machine. His administration achieved a few public improvements but was more noted for its suppression of revolts. Having opposed Lerdo’s reelection, he decided not to run for another term himself but handpicked his successor, Gen. Manuel González, who also soon dissatisfied him. Therefore, in 1884 Díaz ran for the presidency again and was elected.

Over the course of the next 26 years Díaz produced an orderly and systematic government with a military spirit. He succeeded in destroying local and regional leadership until the majority of public employees answered directly to him. Even the legislature was composed of his friends, and the press was muffled. He also maintained tight control over the courts.

Díaz secured his power by catering to the needs of separate groups and playing off one interest against another. He won the mestizos’ support by supplying them with political jobs. The privileged Creole classes were cooperative in return for the government’s noninterference in their haciendas and for positions of honour in the administration. The Roman Catholic Church maintained a policy of noninvolvement in return for a certain degree of freedom. The Indians, who formed a full third of the population, were ignored.

When Díaz came to power, the Mexican government was in debt and had very little cash reserves. Therefore, he enthusiastically encouraged investment by foreigners. Conditions were made so advantageous to the suppliers of capital that Mexican industries and workers alike suffered. Díaz was no economist, but his two principal advisers, Matías Romero and José Y. Limantour (after 1893), were responsible for the influx of foreigners to build railroads and bridges, to dig mines, and to irrigate fields. Mexico’s new wealth, however, was not distributed throughout the country; most of the profits went abroad or stayed in the hands of a very few wealthy Mexicans. By 1910 the economy had declined and national revenues were shrinking, which necessitated borrowing. With wages decreasing, strikes were frequent. Agricultural workers were faced with extreme poverty and debt peonage.

On Feb. 17, 1908, in an interview with a reporter for Pearson’s Magazine, Díaz announced his retirement. Immediately opposition and progovernment groups began to scramble to find suitable presidential candidates. Then, as plans were being formalized, Díaz decided not to retire but to allow Francisco Madero, an aristocratic but democratically inclined reformer, to run against him. Madero lost the election, as was expected, but when he resorted to a military revolution the government proved surprisingly weak and collapsed. Díaz resigned office on May 25, 1911, and went into exile.